2 Kings 22:3

Authorized King James Version

And it came to pass in the eighteenth year of king Josiah, that the king sent Shaphan the son of Azaliah, the son of Meshullam, the scribe, to the house of the LORD, saying,

Word-by-Word Analysis
#1
וַיְהִ֗י
to exist, i.e., be or become, come to pass (always emphatic, and not a mere copula or auxiliary)
#2
בִּשְׁמֹנֶ֤ה
And it came to pass in the eighteenth
a cardinal number, eight (as if a surplus above the 'perfect' seven); also (as ordinal) eighth
#3
עֶשְׂרֵה֙
ten (only in combination), i.e., -teen; also (ordinal) -teenth
#4
שָׁנָ֔ה
year
a year (as a revolution of time)
#5
הַ֠מֶּלֶךְ
of king
a king
#6
יֹֽאשִׁיָּ֑הוּ
Josiah
joshijah, the name of two israelites
#7
שָׁלַ֣ח
sent
to send away, for, or out (in a great variety of applications)
#8
הַ֠מֶּלֶךְ
of king
a king
#9
אֶת
properly, self (but generally used to point out more definitely the object of a verb or preposition, even or namely)
#10
שָׁפָ֨ן
Shaphan
a species of rock-rabbit (from its hiding), i.e., probably the hyrax
#11
בֶן
the son
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
#12
אֲצַלְיָ֤הוּ
of Azaliah
atsaljah, an israelite
#13
בֶן
the son
a son (as a builder of the family name), in the widest sense (of literal and figurative relationship, including grandson, subject, nation, quality or
#14
מְשֻׁלָּם֙
of Meshullam
meshullam, the name of seventeen israelites
#15
הַסֹּפֵ֔ר
the scribe
properly, to score with a mark as a tally or record, i.e., (by implication) to inscribe, and also to enumerate; intensively, to recount, i.e., celebra
#16
בֵּ֥ית
to the house
a house (in the greatest variation of applications, especially family, etc.)
#17
יְהוָ֖ה
of the LORD
(the) self-existent or eternal; jeho-vah, jewish national name of god
#18
לֵאמֹֽר׃
saying
to say (used with great latitude)

Analysis

The salvation theme here intersects with the metanarrative of redemption running from Genesis to Revelation. Biblical theology recognizes this as part of a unified storyline from the promise in Genesis 3:15 to its fulfillment in Christ. The phrase emphasizing divine sovereignty contributes to our systematic understanding of Christian doctrine and connects to the broader scriptural witness about God's saving work from the Exodus to the cross.

Historical Context

The literary and historical milieu of the literary conventions and historical circumstances of biblical literature shapes this text's meaning. The historical development of salvation within the theological tradition of 2 Kings Understanding the ancient worldview that shaped the author's theological expression helps modern readers appreciate why the author emphasizes divine sovereignty in this particular way.

Questions for Reflection

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